Conjunctions
contrast (A
1-روابط تدل علي التناقض و يليها فاعل + فعل + مفعول مثل
But / although / though / however
*- He played well but he lost the match.
*- He is very old although he walks fast
*- He is very clever however, he cant answer the question
ب) روابط يليها اسم او فعل + ing
In spite of / despite + noun / v + ing
*- He lost the match in spite of playing very well.
*- He walks very fast despite being old
Rewrite the following sentences:
1- Though he is strong, he lost the boxing match. ( but )
2- He came first in class although he didnt study( However )
3- Ahmed ran fast but he lost the race. ( Although )
4- He did his best but he couldnt win. ( However )
5- He didnt like the film although we find it interesting. ( However )
B) Similar And
* - He finished his work and went to bed
* - I did my homework and watched the film.
/ as well و كذلك أيضا و غالبا ما توضع في نهاية الجملة
* - I can speak English , I can speak French as well
* - She goes to school on time , She goes home as well
/ in addition toبالإضافة إلي و لا توضع إلا في أول الجملة
In addition to figs, I bought grapes, oranges and bananas.
A) Rewrite the following sentences:
1-Rahma and I passed the test. ( as well)
2- She cooked the food and cleaned the house( In addition to)
3- Although he drove fast, he arrived late. ( However)
4- I did my homework and watched the film( In addition to )
5- My father and brothers fast Ramadan. ( as well )
Adjective & adverbs .الظرف و الصفة .
الفرق بين الصفة و الظرف و كيفية الاستخدام السليم لهما و فى هذا الدرس إن شاء الله نتناول سنتعلم ماهى الصفة و الظرف و كيفية استخدامهما الاستخدام الصحيح مع
قد آثرت أن يكون الشرح بالإنجليزية و العربية للمتقدمين و المبتدئين على حد سواء فأجو من المتقدمين عند مراجعتهم للدرس أن يقرؤه بالإنجليزية
1. Adjectives modify nouns; adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs
الصفات هي كلمات تصف الأسماء و تأتى قبلها ، بينما الظروف هى كلمات تصف الأفعال أو الصفات أو حتى بعض الظروف الأخرى .
You can recognize adverbs easily because many of them are formed by adding – ly to و يمكنك التعرف على الظروف بسهولة لأن معظمها عادة ما ينتهي بــ Study the following carefully ly:
Adverbs cant modify nouns, as you can see from the following incorrect sentences. On the other hand, its sometimes easy to make the mistake of using an adjective to modify a verb, as the incorrect sentences below show
لا يمكن للظروف أن تصف الأسماء كما لا يمكن أيضا للصفات أن تصف الأفعال .
ادرس المثالين الآتيين :
2. An adjective always follows a form of the verb to be when it modifies the noun before the verb.
لعلك لاحظت في الأمثلة السابقة أن الصفة تأتى قبل الاسم الذي تصفه و لكنها مع V to be أو صوره المختلفة فإنها تأتى بعده لا حظ ما يأتي .
3. Like wise, an adjective always follows a sense verb or a verb of appearance -- feel, taste, smell, sound, look, appear, and seem -- when it modifies the noun before the verb.
و على نفس الشاكلة فإن الصفات تأتى بعد أفعال الحواس الخمسة و أفعال المظهر ( التي تعبر عن المظهر بصفة عامة مثل feel, taste, smell, sound, look, appear, and seem و ذلك حينما تصف الاسم الذي قبل الفعل .
لاحظ الأمثلة التالية :
Good or Well?
Good is an adjective, so you do not do good or live good, but you do well and live well.
ملحوظة هامة بخصوص Good & Well
كلمة good صفة و الظرف منها لا يضاف إليه ly بل هو كلمة well و الذى يعنى بصورة جيدة . [/
He is a good man.
He speaks well .
فى المثال الأول : كلمة good صفة تصف الاسم و تأتى بعد فعلBE
أما المثال الثاني Well تصف الفعل و تأتى بعده .
There are some words that are used both as an adverb and as an adjective such as ( hard , late , fast , … )
هناك بعض الكلمات التى تستخدم كظرف و صفة دون تغيير فى بنية الكلمة و يمكن الحكم عليها أنها صفة أو ظرف من خلال الجملة . مثل ( fast , hard , late )
He is a fast man .
He speaks fast .
كلمة fast في المثال الأول صفة لأنها تصف الاسم و تأتى قبله أما في المثال الثاني فهي ظرف لأنها ظرف و أتت بعد الفعل .
إذا المقارنة بين اثنين (تحتوي على الجملة على than ) ننظر إلى الصفة، إن كانت قصيرة (أربعة أحرف) أضفنا عليها فقط er
This ship isمثال: This ship is …. than the old one (safe) safer than the old one
وإن كانت الصفة المعطاة أكثر من أربعة أحرف نضع قبل الصفة فقط more للإثبات و less للنفي
مثال: This quiz is ……. than the last one (difficult)
الجواب: This quiz is more difficult than the last one
أما بالنسبة للمقارنة بين مجموعة فإنك لن تجد في الجملة than وربما ستجد مصطلحات مثل in the world و for years و of all التي تشير للمقارنة بين مجموعة ، بعد ذلك ، تنظر للصفة إن كانت قصيرة، فقط أسبقها بـ the وأضف عليها est وإن كانت طويلة(أكثر من أربع أحرف) اسبقها بـ the most للإثبات أو the least للنفي ولا تغير في الصفة أبداً
مثال: Tanah is ……. (beautiful) village in the world
الجواب: Tanah is the most beautiful village in the world
مثال أخر: Mansoura is …… (large )of all . Mansoura is the largest of all.
هناك صيغ شاذة لبعض الصفات القصيرة مثل
Adjective Comparative Superlative
Good Better than The best
bad Worse than The worst
مثال : He is ….. (good) than Ali He is better than Ali
He is the worst of allمثال: He is …. of all (bad)
ربما يسألك المختبر أن تضع as… as في المقارنات فقط قم بوضع الصفة بين الجملتين
*- He is ………..( simple ) her.
*- He is as simple as her
Verbs
أفعال يليها V+ ingافعال يليها To+ المصدرافعال يليها المصدر بدون to
Enjoy / stop / like / dislike / hate / during / avoid / is used to / be interested in / look forward to / in addition to / suggest / what about / how about / prefer / feel like / despite / without / for / mind / *- hope to / want to / would like to / would prefer to / try to / decide to / agree to / Will / can /shall / would rather / all model verbs
Rewrite the following sentences:
1- he is going to buy a car. ( intends)
2- Im going to write a book ( decide )
3- He continued to work and didnt stop. ( without )
4-We are looking forward to his success. ( hope )
5- While he was in London, he had an operation.( During )
6- While he was reading , he fell asleep. ( During)
7- She hadnt eaten before going out. ( without)
8-Do you like to have drink? ( rather )
9- I like to have tea. ( d rather )
10- Please, dont shut the window. ( d rather )
11- Hed rather leave with me ( Would )
12- Lets have lunch now. ( How about)
Notes the following :
**- to +inf
**- because + cause
**- thats why = so + result
**- It is + adj + to + inf
**- would like to + inf = I want to……..
**-Be + adjective
**- subject + would rather + inf
**- subj + would prefer + to + inf
**- Subj + would rather + second subj + past simple
**- because of + noun / v + ing
**- subj + make + object + inf / adj
**- Dad made me clean the car.
**- It is time to + inf
It is time to leave now.
**- intend to + inf
**- decide to + inf
Too + adj + to + inf
**- He studied too hard to get high marks.
**- subj + hope + subj + will + inf
**- I hope he will be a doctor.
**- subj + regret + that + subj + past simple
* I regret that I didnt study hard.
General Exercise
Rewrite the following sentences:
1- I like to eat a sandwich. ( d rather )
2- My big brother is fond of music. ( taking )
3-Learning foreign language is important. ( It is
4- My sister cleans the house everyday. ( is cleaned )
5-Rami went to the doctor because he was unwell. ( Thats why
6- He is early to work at all times. ( usually comes
7-Dad has decided to travel to Mecca. ( going
8- Smoking was one of his habits. ( used )
9- The first time he played football was in 2000. ( began)
10- Rania finished the job a short time ago. ( just )
Writing letter
من أعلي يمين الصفحة نكتب
1-اسم و رقم الشارع
2-اسم المدينة إن وجـــــــــــــد
3-إذا كان الخطاب خارج الوطن نكتب Egypt
4-التاريخ و يكون يم الكتابة أو سابق له
5-من اليسار نكتب Dear + اسم المرسل إلية
6-المقدمة مثل
I am very pleased to write to you to tell you my latest news wishes you are well .
I hope you are well and spend nice time with good health.
7- الإجابة علي الأسئلة المطلوبة في الخطاب
8- الخاتمة مثل
I am looking forward to hearing your good news and seeing you soon.
With my best wishes
Yours
اسم الراسل
*- Write a letter to your pen friend Barak who lives in California telling him how you spend the last summer holiday. Tell him where you went . /with whom / how you went / how you enjoyed the holiday.
Your name is Magdi( Magda ) and you live at 20 Ramses st: Cairo.
*-Write a letter to your friend Ali whop lives in Damanhour telling him
- greet him - tell him about your school, family friends
- tell him what you made at school - tell him the latest news about your marks , famous places at Egypt - finish the letter and ask him to write to you soon Your name is Hesham and you live at 25. 23 July Mansoura
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grammer part 2
grammer part 2
